L’innovation en PME et son accompagnement par les TIC : quels effets sur la performance ?
Keywords:
Innovativité, technologies de l’information (TIC), Petites et Moyennes Entreprises, performanceAbstract
La capacité à innover des entreprises ainsi que leurs ressources TIC sont généralement reconnues comme des gages de leur compétitivité. Dans notre article, ces deux sources de performance sont étudiées dans le contexte des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises (PME), en analysant notamment les retombées de l’accompagnement de l’innovation par les TIC. Notre recherche s’appuie sur une double investigation : une enquête menée auprès de PME de la région Bretagne et une collecte en ligne des performances financières de ces mêmes entreprises. Sur un échantillon final de 1086 entreprises, nous évaluons économétriquement dans quelle mesure la performance des PME peut être expliquée par l’innovativité, les ressources TIC (humaines et matérielles), ainsi que l’effet combiné de l’innovativité accompagnée par les technologies de l’information. Le recours à une variable d’interaction mesurant les TIC directement mobilisées pour soutenir l’innovation des PME constitue l’apport méthodologique de notre recherche. L’investigation montre que les technologies de l’information contribuent à augmenter la performance des PME lorsqu’elles accompagnent des innovations : l’innovativité des PME a des retombées positives sur leur performance dans la mesure où elle est accompagnée par des investissements en TIC ou bien par un usage plus poussé des technologies déjà présentes dans l’entreprise. A contrario, l’innovativité et les ressources TIC considérées isolément minorent le niveau de performance des firmes étudiées. Ces différents résultats sont discutés au regard des caractéristiques spécifiques des PME.References
Aral, S. & Weill P. (2007), “IT Assets, Organizational Capabilities, and Firm Performance: How Resource Allocations and Organizational Differences Explain Performance Variation, Organization Science, Vol. 18, n°5, p. 763-790.
Banker, R.D., Bardhan, I. & Asdemir, O. (2006), “Understanding the Impact of Collaboration Software on Product Design and Development”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 17, n°4, p. 352-373.
Besson, P. & Rowe, F. (2011), « Perspectives sur le phénomène de la transformation organisationnelle », Systèmes d’Information et Management, Vol. 16, n°1, p. 3-34.
Bharadwaj, A. (2000), “A Resource-based Perspective on the Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation.” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24, n°1, p. 169-196.
Brambor, T., Clark W. & Golder M. (2005), “Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses”, Political Analysis, Vol. 13, p. 1-20.
Braumoeller, B. (2004), “Hypothesis Testing and Multiplicative Interaction Terms”, International Organization, Vol. 58, n°4, p. 807-820.
Cardona, M., Kretschmer, T. & Strobel T. (2013), “ICT and Productivity: Conclusions from the Empirical Literature”, Information Economics and Policy, Vol. 25, n°3, p. 109–125.
Carr, N. (2003), “IT doesn’t matter”, Harvard Business Review. Vol. 81, n°5, p. 41-49.
Chae, H.C., Koh, C. & Pributok, V. (2014), “Information Technology Capability and Firm Performance: Contradictory Findings and their Possible Causes”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 38, n°1, p. 305-326.
Cigref (2013), « La contribution de l’IT à l’innovation – les facteurs constitutifs des démarches d’innovation », Etude, 27 pages.
Damanpour, F. (1991), “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 34, n°3, p. 555–590.
Das, S. & Joshi M. (2012), “Process Innovativeness and Firm Performance in Technology Service Firms: The Effect of External and Internal Contingencies”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Vol. 59, n°3, p. 401-414.
Deltour, F., Farajallah, M. & Lethiais, V. (2014) « L'équipement des PME en systèmes ERP : une adoption guidée par les priorités stratégiques? », Management International, Vol. 18, n°2, p. 155-168.
Dibrell, C., Davis, P. & Craig, J. (2008), “Fueling Innovation through Information Technology in SMEs”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 46, n°2, p. 203-218.
Foray, D. & Mairesse, J. (eds) (1999), Innovations et performances - approches pluridisciplinaires, Editions de l’EHESS, 470 pages.
Forsman, H. (2011), “Innovation Capacity and Innovation Development in Small Enterprises - A Comparison between the Manufacturing and Service Sectors”, Research Policy, Vol. 40, n°5, p. 739-750.
Hadjimanolis, A. (2000), “A Resource-based View of Innovativeness in Small Firms”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 12, n°2, p. 263-281.
Hausman, A. (2005), “Innovativeness among Small Businesses: Theory and Propositions for Future Research”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 34, n°8, p. 773-782.
Huang, C.J. & Liu, C.J. (2005), “Exploration for the Relationship between Innovation, IT and Performance” Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 6, n°2, p. 237-252.
Hult, G., Hurley, R. & Knight, G. (2004), “Innovativeness: Its Antecedents and Impact on Business Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 33, n°5, p. 429-438.
Jansen, J., Van Den Bosch, F. & Volberda, H. (2006), “Exploratory Innovation, Exploitative Innovation, and Performance: Effects of Organizational Antecedents and Environmental Moderators”, Management Science, Vol. 52, n°11, p. 1661-1674.
Kafouros, M. & Wang, C. (2008), “The Time Lag between R&D Investments and their Effects on Performance”, Industry and Innovation, Vol. 15, n°3, p. 233-151.
Kafouros, M. (2005), “R&D and Productivity Growth: Evidence from the UK”, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Vol. 14, n°6, p. 479–497.
Kleis, L., Chwelos, P., Ramirez, R. & Cockburn, I. (2012), “Information Technology and Intangible Output: The Impact of IT Investment on Innovation Productivity”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 23, n°1, p. 42-59.
Kmieciak, R., Michna, A. & Meczynska, A., (2012), “Innovativeness, Empowerment and IT Capability: Evidence from SMEs”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 112, n°5, p. 707-728.
Kohli, R. & Devaraj, S., (2003), “Measuring Information Technology Payoff: A Meta-Analysis of Structural Variables in Firm-Level Empirical Research”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 14, n°2, p. 127-145.
Kuusisto, A. & Riepula, M. (2011), “Customer Interaction in Service Innovation: Seldom Intensive but often Decisive. Case Studies in three Business Service Sectors”, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 55, n°1/2, p. 171-186.
Liang, T.P., You, J.J. & Liu, C.C. (2010), “A Resource-based Perspective on Information Technology and Firm Performance: a Meta Analysis”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 110, n°8, p. 1138-1158.
Loilier, T. & Tellier, A. (2013), Gestion de l’innovation, 2ème édition, éditions EMS, 527 pages.
Marchesnay, M. (1991), « La PME : une gestion spécifique », Économie Rurale, n° 206, p. 11-17.
Marsouin (2009), « Pénétration, diffusion et usages des TIC dans les PME », Document en ligne disponible à l’adresse : http://www.marsouin.org/spip.php?article292, 15 pages.
Melville, N., Kraemer, K. & Gurbaxani, V., (2004), “Review – Information Technology and Organizational Performance: an Integrative Model of IT Business Value”, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 28, n°2, p. 283-322.
Menguc, B. & Auh, S. (2006), “Creating a Firm-level Dynamic Capability through Capitalizing on Market Orientation and Innovativeness”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 34, n°1, p. 63–73.
Merminod, V., Mothe, C. & Rowe, F. (2009), « Effets de Product Lifecycle Management sur la fiabilité et la productivité : une comparaison entre deux contextes de développement produit », M@n@gement, Vol. 12, n°4, p. 294-331.
Monnoyer, M.C. & Boutary, M. (2008), « Constats et hypothèses pour mieux comprendre l’appropriation des TIC en PME », Analyser les usages des systèmes d'information et des TIC, Quelles démarches, quelles méthodes ? (M. Benedetto-Meyer et R. Chevallet, eds), éditions ANACT, p. 98-125.
Oseo (2011), « La défaillance des entreprises - Étude sur données françaises entre 2000 et 2010 », Regards sur les PME, n°21, éditions La Documentation Française.
Pavlou, P. & El Sawy, O. (2006), “From IT Leveraging Competence to Competitive Advantage in Turbulent Environments: the Case of New Product Development”, Information Systems Research, Vol. 17, n°3, p. 198-227.
Poulin, D. & Tran, S. (eds.), (2010), Information and Communication Technology and Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: From Theory to Practice, Cambridge Scholars publishing, 192 pages.
Premkumar, G. (2003), “A Meta-analysis of Research on Information Technology Implementation in Small Business”, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, Vol. 13, n°2, p. 91-121.
Raymond, L. & Bergeron, F. (2008), “Enabling the Business Strategy of SMEs through e-business Capabilities: A Strategic Alignment Perspective”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 108, n° 5, p. 577-595.
Raymond, L., Bergeron, F. & Croteau, A.M. (2013), “Innovation Capability and Performance of Manufacturing SMEs: The Paradoxical Effect of IT Integration”, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, Vol. 23, n°3, p. 249-272.
Rougès, J.F., Poulin, D., D’Amours, S. & Montreuil, B. (2010), “Relationship between SME Performance and Information and Communication Technology”, in Information and Communication Technology and Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: From Theory to Practice (Poulin D. and Tran S. eds.), Cambridge Scholars publishing, p. 25-47.
Saga, V. & Zmud, R. (1996), « Introduction de logiciels de gestion dans des petites entreprises liées à une profession libérale », Systèmes d’Information et Management, Vol. 1, n°1, p. 51-73.
Subramanian, A. (1996), “Innovativeness: Redefining the Concept”, Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, Vol. 13, n° 3/4, p. 223-243.
Tallon, P. & Kraemer, K. (2007), “Fact or Fiction? A Sensemaking Perspective on the Reality behind Executives Perceptions of IT Business Value”, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 24, n°1, p. 13-54.
Tambe, P., Hitt, L. & Brynjolfsson, E. (2012), “The Extroverted Firm: How External Information Practices Affect Innovation and Productivity”, Management Science, Vol. 58, n°5, p. 843-859.
Wang, C.L. & Ahmed, P.K. (2004), “The Development and Validation of the Organisational Innovativeness Construct using Confirmatory Factor Analysis”, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 7, n°4, p. 303-313.
Wright, G. (1976), “Linear Model for Evaluating Conditional Relationships”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 20, n°2, p. 349-373.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author bears the responsibility for checking whether material submitted is subject to copyright or ownership rights (e.g. figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data). The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission.
It is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer for free the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. There are two broad reasons for this:
- ownership of copyright by the journal owner facilitates international protection against infringement of copyright, libel or plagiarism;
- it also ensures that requests by third parties to reprint or reproduce a contribution, or part of it, in either print or electronic form, are handled efficiently in accordance with our general policy which encourages dissemination of knowledge within the framework of copyright.
In conformity with the French law, the author keeps the 'moral rights' related to the article:
- The 'authorship right': It is the author's right to have his name associated with each publication and exploitation of the article.
- The 'integrity right': It can be claimed by the author if he finds that during an exploitation, his work has been distorted (cutting, reassembly...).
