Une lecture structurationniste des pratiques de management de projet S.I.
Keywords:
Gestion de Projet, Normalisation, Pratique, Théorie de la Structuration, AppropriationAbstract
Dans les travaux sur le management de projet, les normes sont généralement considérées comme extérieures aux acteurs. Or, elles n’ont de réalité que si elles sont mises en pratique par les acteurs des projets. En même temps, ces derniers disposent d’une capacité d’action leur permettant d’agir sur les normes mises en actes. Pour comprendre comment les normes de management de projet sont « enactées » et structurent les pratiques des projets, nous avons mené une étude de cas au sein d’un grand programme informatique. Le corpus a été analysé en utilisant une approche structurationniste qui permet d’étudier les pratiques observées sur un projet donné comme simultanément structurées par les normes énactées, mais aussi comme participant à la production de ces normes. D’un point de vue empirique, la recherche apporte une contribution aux connaissances encore limitées sur la conduite des projets SI dans un environnement fortement normalisé. En outre, elle propose une grille de lecture alternative à celles qui dominent aujourd’hui dans la littérature sur la réalité des pratiques face aux normes, ainsi qu’une approche méthodologique pour les étudier. Son originalité principale est de mettre en évidence une construction circulaire des systèmes sociaux que représentent les projets, basée sur la réflexivité des acteurs et leur capacité transformatrice.
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