Modèle théorique de projets de Green IS : une spécification des relations entre objectifs, compétences et culture environnementale
Keywords:
Green information systems, green IS projects, environmental impacts, objectives, competencies, environmental cultureAbstract
Afin d’assurer une meilleure performance environnementale, les organisations s’engagent dans diverses initiatives vertes, y compris celles impliquant les systèmes et technologies d’information. Cependant, notre compréhension des projets Green IS reste incomplète. Cette recherche vise à améliorer cette compréhension en analysant l’influence de trois facteurs sur les impacts environnementaux des projets Green IS : les objectifs environnementaux, les compétences mobilisées et la culture environnementale. Des études de cas exploratoires de sept projets de Green IS dans le secteur financier ont été réalisées, ce qui a permis l’élaboration d’un nouveau modèle théorique. Celui-ci définit une nouvelle variable, en l’occurrence la notion de perception d’un projet de Green IS. À cet égard, nous suggérons que celle-ci est influencée directement par les objectifs d’un projet et par son impact environnemental. Toutefois, ces objectifs influencent aussi indirectement les impacts dans la mesure où ils déterminent le choix des compétences mobilisées. La culture environnementale de l’organisation joue aussi un rôle à travers les programmes de sensibilisation et le renforcement de l’identité verte des membres du personnel. Nous avons constaté en la matière que même les projets marqués par l’absence d’objectifs environnementaux ou de compétences en développement durable peuvent avoir des retombées environnementales positives parce que les employés impliqués prennent des décisions plus écoresponsables. Cette recherche contribue à la réflexion scientifique en révélant les dynamiques complexes des projets de Green IS, fournissant ainsi une base pour la réalisation d’études ultérieures. Sur un plan plus pratique, ses conclusions permettent d’identifier différentes voies que les organisations peuvent emprunter pour mieux gérer leurs initiatives environnementales afin d’en améliorer les résultats.
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