Complexités des projets publics à grande échelle dans le secteur des technologies de l’information: Une perspective des écosystèmes
Mots-clés :
Technologies de l’information, secteur public, projet à grande échelle, échec de projet, écosystemeRésumé
Les projets de technologies de l'information (TI) à grande échelle dans le secteur public sont des entreprises importantes qui opèrent dans un écosystème d'intervenants, de ressources et de contraintes. En utilisant le concept d’écosystème, ce projet de recherche étudie trois projets TI à grande échelle dans le secteur public qui ont échoué: le U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Virtual Case File (VCF), le projet U.S.federal government’s HealthCare.gov et le projet britannique National Programme for IT (NPfIT). Une analyse de ces projets a été réalisée à l'aide de la méthodologie Analyse Qualitative Média (QMA). Les résultats suggèrent que plusieurs parties prenantes dans un grand projet public TI assument des rôles analogues à différents types d'espèces dans un écosystèmeavec l'agence publique soutenant le projet dans en tant qu'espèce clé. Plus précisément, les résultats montrent que l'agence publique est susceptible de ne pas embaucher du personnel clé ayant les connaissances et l'expérience appropriées, et de ne pas réagir aux signaux précoces alertant sur l'imminence de l'implosion de l'écosystème du projet. De plus, les failles dans les relations entre l'organisme public et les entrepreneurs sous contrat et dans les relations entre la législature et l'organisme public contribuent également de façon importante à l'échec du projet.
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