Capital social et enjeux de pouvoir : une perspective socio-politique de l’appropriation d’une technologie de réseaux sociaux au sein d’une collectivité territoriale
Keywords:
Technologies 2.0, social network, SNS, social capital, actors' strategiesAbstract
Emergent tools 2.0 like social networks technologies or Social Networks Systems (SNS) allow the development of a social capital and facilitate collaboration and innovation through organizations. In an economic and managerial environment where social capital is considered as a prerequisite for the collective action in organization, the introduction of these technologies of Social Networks Systems can be also an opportunity for actors to redistribute the power and the influence between them in the organization. This research study aims to understand how the stakes in power related to the development of the social capital can impact the adoption of SNS tool by actors. Through an Action- Research within a City and based on Bourdieu’s theory on the social positions and on Crozier and Friedberg’s strategic actor’s theory, we identify that the appropriation of social networks technology is primarily a socio-political appropriation in two phases: in the first phase actors discover social capital as a new symbolic capital and in a second phase they use the technology to influence the development of the organizational social capital in order it can serve their own interests. This work highlights also the role played by information systems and particularly social network systems in the development and maintaining of actors’ social positions within the organization.References
Angot J. et Josserand E. (2003), Analyse des réseaux sociaux, in Thiétart, R.A. (2ème Ed.), Méthodes de recherche en management, Dunod, Paris.
Anklam P. (2003), "KM and the social network ", case study: KM and the Social Network.
Baskerville R.L. (1999), "Investigating Information Systems with Action Research ", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 2, No. 19.
Borgatti S. P. et Foster P. C. (2003), "The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology ", Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 6, p. 991–1013.
Boughzala I. (2011), "Collaboration 2.0 through the new organization transformation", in Knowledge Management 2.0: Organizational Models and Enterprise Strategies,ouvrage coordonné par I. Boughzala et A. Dudezert, IGI Publishing, à paraître 2011
Bourdieu P., 1980, "Le capital social. Notes provisoires ", Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, vol. 31, janvier, pp. 2-3
Bourdieu, P., 1985, "The Forms of Capital " in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Greenwood Press, New York
Bourdieu P. (1994), "Stratégies de reproduction et modes de domination ", Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, No. 105, p. 3-12.
Bourdieu P. (2000), "Les structures sociales de l’économie", Seuil.
Boxman E.A.W., DeGraaf P.M., Flap H.D. (1991), "The impact of social and human capital on the income attainment of Dutch managers", Social Networks, Vol. 13, p. 51 73.
Brass D.J. (1984), "Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, p. 518-539.
Buckhardt M. et Brass D. (1990), "Changing Patterns or Patterns of Change: The Effects of a Change in Technology on Social Network Structure and Power ", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, p. 104-127.
Burt, R. S. (1992), "Structural holes: The social structure of competition", Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Burt R. S. (2000), "Structural Holes versus Network Closure as Social Capital", Pre-print for a chapter in Social Capital: Theory and Research, edited by Nan Lin, Karen S. Cook and R. S. Burt. Aldine de Gruyter, 2001.
Burt, R. (2005)," Brokerage and Closure: An introduction to Social Capital", London: Oxford University press.
Burton P., Wu Y., Prybutok V. R. (2010), "Social Network Position and Its Relationship to Performance of IT Profession-als", the International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, Vol. 13, pp. 121-137.
Coleman J. S. (1988), "Social Capital in Creation of Human Capital", The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, Sup-plement S95-S120
Cross R., Parker A., Prusak L. (2000), "Knowing what we know: Supporting knowledge creating and sharing in social network", IBM Institute for Knowledge Management.
Cross R., Parker A., Borgatti S. P. (2002), "A bird’s-eye view: Using social network analysis to improve knowledge crea-tion and sharing", IBM Institute for Knowledge-Based Organizations.
Crozier M. et Friedberg E. (1977), "L'Acteur et le système", Paris, Le Seuil, 1977
Deluca D., Gallivan M.J., Kock N. (2008), "Furthering Information systems Action Research: A Post-Positivist Synthesis of Four Dialectics", Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 9, Issue 2, No. 2, p. 48-72
Deltour F., Plé L. et Roussel C.S (2011), " Knowledge sharing in the age of web 2.0 : A social capital perspective", in Knowledge Management 2.0: Organizational Models and Enterprise Strategies,ouvrage coordonné par I. Boughzala et A. Dudezert, IGI Publishing, à paraître 2011
De Vaujany F. X. (2006), "Pour une théorie de l'appropriation des outils de gestion : vers un dépassement de l'opposition conception-usage", Management & Avenir, 2006, vol.3 n° 9, p. 109-126.
Dudezert A., et Leidner D. (2001), "Illusions of control and Social Domination Strategies in Knowledge Mapping System Use", European Journal of Information Systems, en ligne le 31 Mai 2011, doi:10.1057/ejis.2011.17
Elie-Dit-Cosaque Christophe M., "Les réponses de cadres intermédiaires face à l'implémentation de technologies de l'in-formation et de la communication : le cas d'une administration publique", Management et Avenir, 2010, vol. 9 n° 39, p. 213-232.
Ehrlich K., Lin C.Y., Griffiths-Fisher V. (2007), "Searching for Experts in the Enterprise: Combining Text and Social Network Analysis ", Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work.
Feldman M.S.et March J.G. (1981), "Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol", Administrative Science Quar-terly. (26:2). 171-186.
Fernandez R. M., Castilla E. J., Moore P. (2000), "Social Capital at Work: Networks and Employment at a Phone Center", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 105, No. 5, p. 1288-1356.
Fisher D. et Dourish P. (2004), « Social and Temporal Structures in Everyday Collaboration », Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 24-29, Vienna, Austria.
Fuhrer C., Cucchi A., Picard P. (2009), "Les capacités relationnelles des technologies de l’information : le concept de capital technico-social a-t-il un sens ? ", Actes du 14ème Congrès de l’AIM, Marrakech, juin 2009
Lazega E. (1994), "Analyse de réseaux et sociologie des organisations", Revue française de sociologie, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 293-320.
Lazega E. (2006) , "Le capital social de l'organisation flexibilisée", Revue française de gestion, 2006, vol.4, no 163, p. 127-137.
Lewin K. (1946), "Action research and Minority Problems", Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 2, Issue 2, p. 34-46.
Muhlmann D. (2001), "Des nouvelles technologies à l’image des vieilles organisations", Sociologie du travail, vol. 43, p. 327-347.
Nahapiet J. et Ghoshal S. (1998), "Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage ", The Academy of Management Review, vol. 23, n° 2, pp. 242-266.
O’Brien R. (1998), "An Overview of the Methodological Approach of Action Research", 17 April 1998.
Pereira C. S. & Soares A. L. (2007), "Improving the quality of collaboration requirements for information management through social networks analysis", International Journal of Information Management, vol. 27, pp. 86–103.
Perruchet A., Paul J.J., Lallement J. (2009), Le doctorat: un investissement rentable?: approches économiques et sociolo-giques, Edition L’Harmattan.
Putnam R. D., (2000), Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster
Sparrowe R.T. et Liden R.C. (1997), "Process and structure in leader-member exchange", Academy of Management Review, vol. 22, n° 2, pp. 522-552.
Szulanski G. (1996), "Exploring internal stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 27-43.
Zenk L. et Stadtfeld C. (2010), "Dynamic organizations. How to measure evolution and change in organizations by analyzing email communication networks", 6th Conference on Applications of Social Network Analysis, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 4, pp. 14–25.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The author bears the responsibility for checking whether material submitted is subject to copyright or ownership rights (e.g. figures, tables, photographs, illustrations, trade literature and data). The author will need to obtain permission to reproduce any such items, and include these permissions with their final submission.
It is our policy to ask all contributors to transfer for free the copyright in their contribution to the journal owner. There are two broad reasons for this:
- ownership of copyright by the journal owner facilitates international protection against infringement of copyright, libel or plagiarism;
- it also ensures that requests by third parties to reprint or reproduce a contribution, or part of it, in either print or electronic form, are handled efficiently in accordance with our general policy which encourages dissemination of knowledge within the framework of copyright.
In conformity with the French law, the author keeps the 'moral rights' related to the article:
- The 'authorship right': It is the author's right to have his name associated with each publication and exploitation of the article.
- The 'integrity right': It can be claimed by the author if he finds that during an exploitation, his work has been distorted (cutting, reassembly...).
