Comment les facteurs de motivation à la protection et du lien social influencent les comportements en matière de sécurité de l’information
Mots-clés :
Protection motivation theory, social bond theory, malware protection, information security awareness, gender, work experience, PLS-SEM.Résumé
Les technologies numériques sont omniprésentes, avec pour corollaire la prolifération des attaques contre les actifs informationnels. Ainsi, la sécurité de l’information (IS) semble être une question cruciale pour les individus et les gestionnaires. Si les tentatives d’identification des facteurs qui guident le comportement des acteurs en matière de sécurité de l’information (ISB) ne sont pas nouvelles, cette identification reste plus nécessaire et actuelle que jamais. De ce point de vue, cette étude empirique contribue à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs cognitifs et de socialisation qui influencent les comportements en matière de sécurité de l’information. En utilisant un modèle hiérarchique de second ordre avec modélisation partielle par équations structurelles des moindres carrés (PLS-SEM), nous testons pour la première fois l’applicabilité de la théorie de la motivation de protection (PMT) et de la théorie du lien social (SBT) à la sensibilisation aux technologies de la sécurité de l’information (ISTA) et au comportement de protection contre les logiciels malveillants (MPB) de 430 étudiants. Premièrement, nos résultats démontrent que la combinaison de la PMT et de la SBT produit un modèle plus robuste pour l’analyse de l’ISTA et de la MPB que si l’on considère chacune de ces théories séparément. Deuxièmement, l’ISTA agit en partie comme médiateur des liens sociaux et de la motivation de protection et pourrait donc être un comportement de sécurité fondamental. Si nous soulignons le rôle prépondérant de l’implication, la différence significative observée dans les ISB des deux sexes est liée à la plus forte influence pour les femmes, des liens sociaux sur l’ISTA. Ce résultat s’explique notamment par des effets plus homogènes des facteurs de socialisation chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Nous suggérons que la conception des programmes et de l’enseignement de l’ISTA soit mieux adaptée aux différents facteurs cognitifs et de socialisation des individus, notamment en mettant l’accent sur les liens sociaux et, plus spécifiquement, sur l’implication. Nous fournissons également des recommandations détaillées sur la manière dont les praticiens peuvent améliorer les ISB des individus.
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