Blockchain et innovation ouverte pour les PME : cadre analytique et modèle décisionnel
Mots-clés :
SMEs, blockchain, open innovation, transaction costsRésumé
En raison de leur manque de ressources internes, les PME sont les entreprises qui ont le plus à gagner en s’engageant dans un processus d’innovation ouverte (IO). Cependant, et en particulier en raison de leur vulnérabilité aux comportements opportunistes, ces entreprises éprouvent également les plus grandes difficultés à mettre en œuvre l’IO. À cet égard, la technologie Blockchain présente des propriétés intéressantes qui pourraient aider les PME à se protéger de l’opportunisme et des dangers liés à l’IO. Cet article vise à comprendre l’impact possible de la blockchain sur les PME dans le contexte de l’IO. Notre analyse théorique indique que la Blockchain a un impact positif sur les processus d’IO basés sur le marché et sur les processus d’IO collaboratives impliquant des ensembles de tâches bien définies et des connaissances codifiées. Cependant, la blockchain semble moins adaptée aux processus d’IO impliquant des connaissances tacites et des résultats de recherche ambigus ou incertains. Nous mettons également en avant des résultats concernant le rôle de la confiance et des intermédiaires de l’IO. Enfin, nous proposons un modèle de décision pour les PME concernant leur mise en œuvre de la blockchain dans un contexte d’IO.
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