Une vision dynamique de l’utilisation exploratoire et exploitante des systèmes d’information de santé dans le domaine des soins de longue durée
Mots-clés :
healthcare information systems, exploitive use, exploratory use, long-term care, nursing-homesRésumé
Les organisations de santé sont souvent confrontées à la sous-utilisation des systèmes d’information de santé, les empêchant de tirer profit de leur investissement. La phase de post-mise en oeuvre requiert de nombreuses adaptations de la part de l’utilisateur pour s’approprier le système. Plus spécifiquement, s’approprier des systèmes d’information de santé évoluant en permanence et dépasser une utilisation ‘satisfaisante’, ou au moins prévenir la sous-utilisation, requiert une adaptation constante de l’utilisation. Le but de cet article est donc de traiter de l’appropriation des systèmes d’information de santé du point de vue de l’utilisateur. Nous nous appuyons sur une étude qualitative menée dans des EHPAD afin de mieux comprendre la façon dont les équipes médicales exploitent et explorent ces systèmes d’information de santé. Nous appuyant sur la théorie de l’exploitation et de l’exploration et sur les diagrammes de boucles causales en tant qu’outil d’analyse et de visualisation, nous proposons un modèle dynamique de l’appropriation des systèmes d’information de santé et démontrons l’importance du style cognitif et du contexte dans la promotion de l’appropriation des systèmes d’information de santé, tant dans les situations stables qu’innovantes. Nous concluons en identifiant trois propositions pour suggérer de futures pistes de recherche et aider les utilisateurs et les gestionnaires à trouver le bon équilibre entre l’exploitation et l’exploration des systèmes d’information de santé.
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